Researchers identify genetic variation behind acute myeloid leukemia treatment success

Researchers identify genetic variation behind acute myeloid leukemia treatment success

Wednesday, February 27, 2013

Researchers from the College of Pharmacy and Medical School working within the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, have partnered to identify genetic variations that may help signal which acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients will benefit or not benefit from one of the newest antileukemic agents.

Their study is published today in Clinical Cancer Research.

In the latest study, U of M researchers evaluated how inherited genetic polymorphisms in CD33, a protein that naturally occurs in most leukemia cells, could affect clinical outcomes of patients treated with an existing chemotherapy drug, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), an immuno-conjugate between anti-CD33 antibody and a cytotoxin known as calicheamicin, which binds to CD33 on leukemic cells. As GO is internalized by leukemia cells, the cytotoxin is released, causing DNA damage and generating leukemic cell death.

In recent clinical trials GO has been shown to induce remission and improve survival in subset of patients with AML, however there is wide inter-patient variation in response.

Jatinder Lamba, Ph.D., and colleagues identified and evaluated three genetic variations of CD33 in two groups of patients with pediatric AML ? one group that received the drug GO, and one group that did not. They found that specific genetic variation in CD33 that significantly affected the clinical outcome of AML patients who received GO based chemotherapy.

"Understanding how genetics play a role in how drugs work is extremely useful, particularly for a drug like GO which has shown a very heterogeneous response in AML patients," said Jatinder Lamba, Ph.D., the study's lead author and a researcher who holds appointments in both the College of Pharmacy and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota. "Our latest findings lead us to believe that genetic variation in CD33 influences how AML patients' leukemic cell responds to GO."

AML is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, and is the second most common form of leukemia in children. Though the most common type of treatment for AML is chemotherapy, Lamba says the disease remains hard to treat and newer, more effective therapies are needed.

"The overall goal of our study was to use genetic data to predict beneficial or adverse response to a specific drug, thus opening up opportunities to use this information for drug optimization to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy and minimum toxicity. Our hope is that our research could serve as a marker of prognostic significance for clinicians to select the therapy that has the greatest odds of being effective for individual patients based on their CD33 genotype."

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University of Minnesota Academic Health Center: http://www.ahc.umn.edu/

Thanks to University of Minnesota Academic Health Center for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127037/Researchers_identify_genetic_variation_behind_acute_myeloid_leukemia_treatment_success

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Toxic oceans may have delayed spread of complex life

Feb. 28, 2013 ? A new model suggests that inhospitable hydrodgen-sulphide rich waters could have delayed the spread of complex life forms in ancient oceans. The research, published online this week in the journal Nature Communications, considers the composition of the oceans 550-700 million years ago and shows that oxygen-poor toxic conditions, which may have delayed the establishment of complex life, were controlled by the biological availability of nitrogen.

In contrast to modern oceans, data from ancient rocks indicates that the deep oceans of the early Earth contained little oxygen, and flipped between an iron-rich state and a toxic hydrogen-sulphide-rich state. The latter toxic sulphidic state is caused by bacteria that survive in low oxygen and low nitrate conditions. The study shows how bacteria using nitrate in their metabolism would have displaced the less energetically efficient bacteria that produce sulphide -- meaning that the presence of nitrate in the oceans prevented build-up of the toxic sulphidic state.

The model, developed by researchers at the University of Exeter in collaboration with Plymouth Marine Laboratory, University of Leeds, UCL (University College London) and the University of Southern Denmark, reveals the sensitivity of the early oceans to the global nitrogen cycle. It shows how the availability of nitrate, and feedbacks within the global nitrogen cycle, would have controlled the shifting of the oceans between the two oxygen-free states -- potentially restricting the spread of early complex life.

Dr Richard Boyle from the University of Exeter said: "Data from the modern ocean suggests that even in an oxygen-poor ocean, this apparent global-scale interchange between sulphidic and non-sulphidic conditions is difficult to achieve. We've shown here how feedbacks arising from the fact that life uses nitrate as both a nutrient, and in respiration, controlled the interchange between two ocean states. For as long as sulphidic conditions remained frequent, Earth's oceans were inhospitable towards complex life."

Today, an abundance of nitrate, in the context of an oxygenated ocean, prevents a reversion to the inhospitable environment that inhibited early life. Determining how Earth's oceans have established long-term stability helps us to understand how modern oceans interact with life and also sheds light on the sensitivity of oceans to changes in composition.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Exeter.

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Journal Reference:

1. R.A. Boyle, J.R. Clark, S.W. Poulton, G. Shields-Zhou, D.E. Canfield, T.M. Lenton. Nitrogen cycle feedbacks as a control on euxinia in the mid-Proterozoic ocean. Nature Communications, 2013; 4: 1533 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2511

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/CUPC19XVN4w/130228113447.htm

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Enjoy Technical Writing ? 'Leading the Change' by Stefan Gentz

On day 1 of TCWorld India conference 2013 last week in Bangalore, most of the sessions were on trends, challenges, strategy, content governance, and process of technical communication. Stefan Gentz from Tracom presented an important concept where he talked about Change Management, in ?Leading the Change?.

Five Triggers of Change Management

Stefan started with a few quotes from history on ?Change? and added that it is inevitable, and the only constant in life. He talked about ?Change Management? and referred to McKinsey?s research that quoted five triggers that cause ?CM?. Four of these are ?Catching up to Rivals Companies?, ?Completing or integrating a merger?, ?Turning around a crises?, ?Turning for a better performance?. However, the last and most notable is ?Reducing cost?.

Before talking about Change Management for businesses and specific to technical communication, Stefan discussed what derives the need for change management. It was ?Economic and Social forces?.

To keep audience on toes and interested; Stefan was immaculate in humor with relevant comments.

Eight Errors in Change Management Execution

Stefan talked about the top 8 errors in CM as:

In this list, I particularly liked two points:

• Undercommunicating the Vision: Most often, the organizations have the right vision and they get a right roadmap to execute it. I personally feel that a vision not communicated is as good as not having a vision at all. Not enough communicating it to the team (either way in hierarchy) dilutes the spirit and energy towards that vision. It magnifies the obstacles thus adding to the resistance to Change Management. I believe that this communication has to be professional yet friendly. Merely changing the vision statement on website and stationery never works. The managers and supervisors need to talk about it personally, the need for change, the roadmap, and the benefits. It inspires confidence and adds strength to the bond.

• Failing to Create Short-Term Wins: This is important. Many a times, organizations do not celebrate milestones. This again subsides the spirits of those who are working towards Change Management. It is important to have milestones, meet those, and celebrate those small wins to keep the energy juices flowing.

For change in content strategy, the above two points are extremely important. Unless the internal users understand the vision for Change Management, they would be hardly receptive to that change.

John Kotter?s Success Story

Next, Stefan referred to Prof John Kotter?s Success Story, with eight concrete points as below.

Of these eight points, I found the following four as more relevant to change management in technical communication.

• Establish a Sense of Urgency: Unless we show urgency, everything else will keep on pushing Change Management down in the priority list. When we have a business case for Change Management, it should be clear, and thought-provoking enough that it should generate a sense of urgency for call to action. [The Business Case should highlight how the current/old process is ineffective, how content silos are piling up with massive opportunity for content reuse in a new and improved process. Some facts and statistics on man hours and ROI can help others understand the ?sense of urgency?].

• Communicate Vision Change: As I mentioned above, communicating the vision change to all employees in the chain is extremely important. The communication should be clear, friendly yet professional, and should be receptive to comments/feedback to inculcate a sense of involvement. [Once the Business Case is prepared by the supervisors/managers, it should be discussed with all users involved. The objective is not merely to be transparent; it is to make it understood to all that the process is changing for the right reason, and for the benefit of all and not only for a select few. In addition to writers, the vision should be communicated to reviewers, editors, translators, artwork designers, and everybody who is part of documentation process in any capacity or role]

• Short Term Wins: The goal should be punctuated with smaller milestones. One, these milestones when met act as fuel to help the team keep going. Two, it ensures that we are in right direction. [For technical communication, the roadmap can be planned with measurable milestones. For example, the ?Change Management Strategy? can have a step as ?to prepare detailed plan with measurable goals and impact on current operations?, and another step as ?Rapid prototyping and map the benefits when compared to current process?. Each such successful plan execution should be discussed openly and celebrated.]

• Communicate Culture Change: A CM invariably calls for change in culture. Rather than people feeling as if some change is happening, it is always better it is proactively communicated, along with why it is required and how it will benefit the people and the business. [For technical communication, the shift from writing SOPs in MS Word to Structured FrameMaker, or moving from RoboHelp to XMetal means that the work culture changes. The supervisors should communicate it to prepare users? (writers and all others involved in documentation process) for this change, talking about the challenges ahead and also highlighting the overall benefits to the users and to the organization.]

Five Key Rules for Change Management

Stefan talked about ?Five Key rules for Change Management?, as:

• Mobilize and Sustain Energy
• Communicate Objective cleary and creatively
• Raise Employee Expectations
• Change People Behavior
• Engage the Attention of Individuals at all levels of organization

Conclusion

The penultimate important point made by Stefan was that ?Change Management is not Crises Management?. Stefan says ?Crisis Management and Change Management are often mixed up. Proper change management needs resources (i.e. time and money). In a crisis situation, we are usually missing both. Crisis Management needs much faster and often more harsh decision making. There is no need for creating a sense of urgency (it?s ?change now or die?), communication is reduced to announce management decisions and behavior change needs to ?switch? instead of ?evolve?. Crisis Management is about taking quick short term actions to survive, while Change Management is about implementing long term solutions for sustainable success.?

To conclude his presentation, Stefan put forward a very true and relevant statement that ?Culture eats Strategy for Lunch?. Most of the organizations resist to Change Management because of their existing culture. Culture is by nature, resistive to change. To spring changes, it has to begin with change in culture.

What has been your experiences to propose change management?

?????????

The audience connected well with this talk and a few writers asked how to begin the Change Management, and where does it actually begin. It was interactive, informative, and a nicely paced talk.

Source: http://enjoytechnicalwriting.com/2013/02/27/leading-the-change-by-stefan-gentz/

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Pentagon to Open Communications Networks to Apple Devices in ...

The U.S. Department of Defense today announced (via Bloomberg) a "commercial mobile device implementation plan" that would allow iOS and Android devices to be used on its secure classified and protected unclassified communication networks beginning in February 2014.

The implementation plan establishes a framework to equip the department?s 600,000 mobile-device users with secure classified and protected unclassified mobile solutions that leverage commercial off-the-shelf products, promote the development and use of mobile applications to improve functionality, decrease costs, and enable increased personal productivity.? The plan orchestrates a series of operational pilots from across the DoD components that will incorporate lessons learned, ensure interoperability, refine technical requirements, influence commercial standards, and create operational efficiencies for DoD mobile users.

As Bloomberg notes, BlackBerry is currently the dominant device at the Pentagon with almost 450,000 devices being used by its employees. Over the past several years, BlackBerry has seen its enterprise dominance chipped away by Apple devices, as corporations and other government agencies have been trading in their BlackBerry devices for iOS and Android ones.

This would mark the first time that commercial products like iPhones and iPads would be allowed on the department's classified networks. The department also plans to create a military mobile applications store and hire a contractor that would build a network system capable of handling as many as 8 million devices.

Teri Takai, the DoD's chief information officer, said that the move is about "keeping the department's workforce relevant" in a time where information accessibility and cybersecurity are crucial to "mission success." The department currently uses older BlackBerry devices, but the company is set to launch its new BlackBerry Z10 phone, based on the company's revamped operating system, next month.

Source: http://www.macrumors.com/2013/02/27/pentagon-to-open-communications-networks-to-apple-devices-in-2014/

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ZEN & TECH fitness month wrap-up. Tonight. 6pm PST. 9pm EST

Fitness Month is wrapping up this week and Georgia and I aim to bring it all into balance with a special episode on... balance! Taking care of work, family, and school can be taxing enough, never mind finding time for ourselves, exercise, nutrition, and relaxation. So how to do fit it all in?

Join us tonight at 6pm PST, 9pm EST to find out!

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/rVjxmiOZtBE/story01.htm

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Taking The Pain Out of Hiring A Freelance Programmer | Team ...

Any kind of business, offline or online, will present you with lots of alternatives with alphamalecharacteristicshq from which you must choose. All brand new IM marketers may find that fact difficult especially when first getting started. Maybe one of the smartest approaches is to simply accept what is with online business and continue to move forward. There is much to become familiar with, but you should never approach this feeling like you have to become a total expert before you can make money. It is normal to make mistakes, and that is something you can look forward to because they will never end. You know your self that once you have been learning and doing, then you will naturally be better at executing your strategies. You can easily use the following to add much more depth to your current business efforts with the right information and attention. A great idea for a software program can strike anytime, and if that happens you have to hire a freelance programmer unless you can do it yourself. If you are unprepared, then it is not impossible to find yourself hiring another programmer to do it right, the second time. If you will be spending a lot of money for your project, then obviously it becomes even more important that you make the very best hiring decision. The purpose of this article is to help you learn about the various factors that you should remember when choosing a freelance programmer. You have to make sure any potential programmer knows and understands what you want from him or her. If there are any nuances at all that are important to you, then you need to be sure they know about them. It is always better to over-deliver in this area of description and software requirements as far as what it needs to do is concerned. If you have to go back and the programmer needs to make changes, then that will only cause delays on your end. Clear and frequent communications, when necessary, are the key to getting the project done properly and on time. You may have already guessed, or knew, that effective communications are the key to success for both parties. You can play an active, but non-intrusive, role in the way of offering the best communications you can provide. Just as you do not want to receive a ton of emails, neither does your freelance programmer. Opinions and ideas are fine, but just remember that the programmer is the person you hired for the expertise. Hopefully by the time you have made your selection, you will have laid the foundation for a solid rapport. It is fair to say that if all goes well, then both sides will want to maintain an open door. There are interesting attributes we all have because we are human, and this relates very strongly to suspending initial impressions if they seem negative until you have a complete picture. How do you feel about testing marketing methods that you never knew about or considered testing before? What we find amusing is the people who are simply too lazy to give this site an honest shot in their marketing. You will always need to carefully assess anything new, though, and that means you have to base your decisions on research, first. There are so many stories about scams on the net, and maybe one big reason people get hurt is due to insufficient investigation about something they want to try. Actually, one very smart move for newbies is to buy slow and do a lot of reading and asking questions, if possible, about whatever it is. But you should not be afraid of anything that appears to be new to you because there are some products that are excellent. Always seek to validate anything you read, and that is they only path to protecting your self. This all goes along with the thought of an ounce of prevention, and it is an ounce well spent, possibly. Complete a statement that is essentially the scope of your project, and that is the professional and expected course of action. If there are any misunderstandings, then the written documents will serve as an important source of reference. There will not be any problems on the other person?s part because they will be used to it. What we discussed in the above article is not at all difficult to apply, but not caring about these factors will definitely make things harder for you. Take out some time to hire a freelance programmer that actually lives up to your expectations and gives you the kind of results you want. We do avoid going for the bottom dollar spend here because you know what they say about getting what you paid for. We know huge numbers of web businesses have integrated this into their business, but what are your thoughts about it? Diversity in your marketing should be an ongoing business goal because there is too much for any one business plus it is always there to be used. When you have a diverse set of marketing and advertising campaigns underway, all the time, then if you lose one for some reason the effect is not devastating. We have read and heard about so many things over the years, and all the unfortunate things that happen to people are often partially self-inflicted in some way. We have talked to you about hemorrhoid no more, today, and we suggest you forget all the hype and look at your business as a very serious business that you grow and build all the time. Do not let your guard down with your business because you know very well what the potential consequences can be.

Source: http://alfonso.sisko-hosting.com/taking-the-pain-out-of-hiring-a-freelance-programmer/

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Key Building Indicators & How to Read Them :: Building Moxie

Built By LGI Homes for Building Moxie & Published February 27, 2013.
.

What key building indicators should you be watching and what do they mean?

The media has been highlighting a surge in new construction and return of big home builders and developers to the real estate market. There are even sensational new stories of home buyers sleeping in their car just for the hope of getting a chance to bid on new homes and new developments selling out in hours.

Whether investor, home buyer looking for a new residence, or an individual looking to get into either building homes or buying builder stocks, it pays to have a grasp on the real data and fundamentals of the industry.

So what building indicators should you be paying attention to and how do you interpret them?

*******

New Home Sales

US Census New Homes Sold

Perhaps the most prominent figure that attracts the most attention is new home sales volume via the US Census. This shows what?s actually moving. The good news is that the Commerce Department reports new single family home sales rising 20%? last year, while the National Association of Realtors? (NAR) February 2013 U.S. Economic Outlook calls for this number to more than double by 2014. However, when reviewing this data on a monthly basis, individuals need to be aware of the potential for significant revisions in figures later on.

New Home Prices

Obviously sales volume alone doesn?t necessarily reflect strength and could at times be a result of dramatic widespread discounts or stimulus. However, the U.S. Commerce Department also reveals the median home prices of new homes sold in December 2012 show a 9.6% lift from a year earlier.

Builder Confidence

Those looking for indicators of the real underlying soundness of the industry will perhaps find the National Association of Home Builders/ Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI) the most telling. This gauges home builder confidence, or how the insiders really feel about the strength of the market. After rising for 8 straight months, the index remained at a 6-year high in January 2013. However, while this is portrayed as a monumental improvement, it is wise to recognize that the HMI stands at only 50, the midpoint on the scale. Also note regional differences in the index currently at a low of 36 in the Northeast and high of 51 in the West.

Wells Fargo National and Regional Market Index

Housing Starts

Building on the above, the number of housing starts shows a combination of home builders putting their money where their confidence really is, as well as movement in orders for new homes. The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) reports that gains in multifamily and single family housing starts pushed up the rate by 12.1% in December 2012, to the highest level in 4 years. A precursor to starts and a figure often confused with this is the number of permits being issued. This rate edged up slightly at the end of last year, though could blossom significantly now that the holidays are out of the way.

Construction Jobs

Another key indicator of whether home builders are actually putting shovels in the ground is construction jobs and hiring. New data from the JOLTS report and Bureau of Labor Statistics show construction job openings rising, with 92,000 positions open at the beginning of the year. However, it is interesting to note residential trade contractors adding employees faster than direct hiring by residential builders. The media also reports the construction industry regaining 34,000 jobs that were lost in the recent downturn.

Other Key Building Indicators to Watch

Other indicators to watch include pending sales of new homes. While generally a wishy-washy data set to bet on in the real estate sector, it can provide a general indicator of market sentiment.

The financial strength of home builders and their financial performance is also something to watch. Bloomberg News has recently reported on multiple major U.S. home builders realizing around 50% increases in revenues; a good sign of stability.

Finally, keeping an eye on the level of new home inventory on the market shows the strength of the market in real time and the likelihood of prices increasing or decreasing in the immediate future. As of November there were 149,000 units available; the equivalent of a 4.7 months? supply at the current pace.

*******

LGI Homes is The Leader in Affordable New Homes offering entry-level new houses and communities in Arizona, Texas, Florida and Georgia. Learn more about LGI Homes by visiting them online at www.lgihomes.com.

Source: http://www.buildingmoxie.com/2013/02/home-to-read-hom-building-indicators/

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Supermassive black hole spins super-fast

Public release date: 27-Feb-2013
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Contact: Christine Pulliam
cpulliam@cfa.harvard.edu
617-495-7463
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Imagine a sphere more than 2 million miles across - eight times the distance from Earth to the Moon - spinning so fast that its surface is traveling at nearly the speed of light. Such an object exists: the supermassive black hole at the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 1365.

Astronomers measured its jaw-dropping spin rate using new data from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, and the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton X-ray satellites.

"This is the first time anyone has accurately measured the spin of a supermassive black hole," said lead author Guido Risaliti of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) and INAF - Arcetri Observatory.

This research is being published in the Feb. 28 issue of the journal Nature, and featured in a NASA media teleconference on Feb. 27th.

A black hole's gravity is so strong that, as the black hole spins, it drags the surrounding space along. The edge of this spinning hole is called the event horizon. Any material crossing the event horizon is pulled into the black hole. Inspiraling matter collects into an accretion disk, where friction heats it and causes it to emit X-rays.

Risaliti and his colleagues measured X-rays from the center of NGC 1365 to determine where the inner edge of the accretion disk was located. This Innermost Stable Circular Orbit - the disk's point of no return - depends on the black hole's spin. Since a spinning black hole distorts space, the disk material can get closer to the black hole before being sucked in.

Astronomers want to know the black hole's spin for several reasons. The first is physical - only two numbers define a black hole: mass and spin. By learning those two numbers, you learn everything there is to know about the black hole.

Most importantly, the black hole's spin gives clues to its past and by extension the evolution of its host galaxy.

"The black hole's spin is a memory, a record, of the past history of the galaxy as a whole," explained Risaliti.

Although the black hole in NGC 1365 is currently as massive as several million Suns, it wasn't born that big. It grew over billions of years by accreting stars and gas, and by merging with other black holes.

Spin results from a transfer of angular momentum, like playing on a children's swing. If you kick at random times while you swing, you'll never get very high. But if you kick at the beginning of each downswing, you go higher and higher as you add angular momentum.

Similarly, if the black hole grew randomly by pulling in matter from all directions, its spin would be low. Since its spin is so close to the maximum possible, the black hole in NGC 1365 must have grown through "ordered accretion" rather than multiple random events.

Studying a supermassive black hole also allows theorists to test Einstein's theory of general relativity in extreme conditions. Relativity describes how gravity affects the structure of space-time, and nowhere is space-time more distorted than in the immediate vicinity of a black hole.

The team also has additional observations of NGC 1365 that they will study to determine how conditions other than black hole spin change over time. Those data are currently being analyzed. At the same time, other teams are observing several other supermassive black holes with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton.

###

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 27-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Christine Pulliam
cpulliam@cfa.harvard.edu
617-495-7463
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Imagine a sphere more than 2 million miles across - eight times the distance from Earth to the Moon - spinning so fast that its surface is traveling at nearly the speed of light. Such an object exists: the supermassive black hole at the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 1365.

Astronomers measured its jaw-dropping spin rate using new data from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, and the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton X-ray satellites.

"This is the first time anyone has accurately measured the spin of a supermassive black hole," said lead author Guido Risaliti of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) and INAF - Arcetri Observatory.

This research is being published in the Feb. 28 issue of the journal Nature, and featured in a NASA media teleconference on Feb. 27th.

A black hole's gravity is so strong that, as the black hole spins, it drags the surrounding space along. The edge of this spinning hole is called the event horizon. Any material crossing the event horizon is pulled into the black hole. Inspiraling matter collects into an accretion disk, where friction heats it and causes it to emit X-rays.

Risaliti and his colleagues measured X-rays from the center of NGC 1365 to determine where the inner edge of the accretion disk was located. This Innermost Stable Circular Orbit - the disk's point of no return - depends on the black hole's spin. Since a spinning black hole distorts space, the disk material can get closer to the black hole before being sucked in.

Astronomers want to know the black hole's spin for several reasons. The first is physical - only two numbers define a black hole: mass and spin. By learning those two numbers, you learn everything there is to know about the black hole.

Most importantly, the black hole's spin gives clues to its past and by extension the evolution of its host galaxy.

"The black hole's spin is a memory, a record, of the past history of the galaxy as a whole," explained Risaliti.

Although the black hole in NGC 1365 is currently as massive as several million Suns, it wasn't born that big. It grew over billions of years by accreting stars and gas, and by merging with other black holes.

Spin results from a transfer of angular momentum, like playing on a children's swing. If you kick at random times while you swing, you'll never get very high. But if you kick at the beginning of each downswing, you go higher and higher as you add angular momentum.

Similarly, if the black hole grew randomly by pulling in matter from all directions, its spin would be low. Since its spin is so close to the maximum possible, the black hole in NGC 1365 must have grown through "ordered accretion" rather than multiple random events.

Studying a supermassive black hole also allows theorists to test Einstein's theory of general relativity in extreme conditions. Relativity describes how gravity affects the structure of space-time, and nowhere is space-time more distorted than in the immediate vicinity of a black hole.

The team also has additional observations of NGC 1365 that they will study to determine how conditions other than black hole spin change over time. Those data are currently being analyzed. At the same time, other teams are observing several other supermassive black holes with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton.

###

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/hcfa-sbh022713.php

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Video: 'Uncharted 3' multiplayer is now free

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/in-game/50963514/

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Zoo's bald eagle captured after 3 days on the lam

PALO ALTO, Calif. (AP) ? A radio transmitter and then a feast of quail and mouse led to the capture of a California zoo's bald eagle after three days on the lam.

The Palo Alto Junior Museum and Zoo's tame 24-year-old bald eagle Sequoia was enjoying her daily exercise Saturday at a park when strong winds spooked her.

Instead of returning to handlers, she flew north and roosted in Menlo Park.

The San Jose Mercury News (http://bit.ly/YUEwSH ) reports Sequoia was tracked Monday to a Redwood City tree.

The famished bird finally dropped from her perch to the arm of trainer John Flynn, who rewarded her with a quail and mouse feast.

Sequoia ventured out on her own eight times while at the San Francisco Zoo. She joined the Palo Alto zoo last year.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/aa9398e6757a46fa93ed5dea7bd3729e/Article_2013-02-26-Eagle%20On%20The%20Lam/id-e9c3a6afbf5745428cabc2e40778d0a4

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Former surgeon general C. Everett Koop dies at 96

C. Everett Koop, who raised the profile of the surgeon general by riveting America's attention on the then-emerging disease known as AIDS and by railing against smoking, has died in New Hampshire at age 96.

An assistant at Koop's Dartmouth institute, Susan Wills, said he died Monday in Hanover, where he had a home. She didn't disclose his cause of death.

Koop wielded the previously low-profile post of surgeon general as a bully pulpit for seven years during the Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations.

An evangelical Christian, he shocked his conservative supporters when he endorsed condoms and sex education to stop the spread of AIDS.

He carried out a crusade to end smoking in the United States ? his goal had been to do so by 2000. A former pipe smoker, he said cigarettes were as addictive as heroin and cocaine.

Koop's impact was great, although the surgeon general has no real authority to set government policy. He described himself as "the health conscience of the country."

"My only influence was through moral suasion," Koop said just before leaving office in 1989.

By then, his Amish-style silver beard and white, braided uniform were instantly recognizable.

Out of office, he switched to business suits and bow ties but continued to promote public health causes, from preventing childhood accidents to better training for doctors.

"I will use the written word, the spoken word and whatever I can in the electronic media to deliver health messages to this country as long as people will listen," he promised.

In 1996, he rapped Republican presidential hopeful Bob Dole for suggesting that tobacco is not invariably addictive, saying Dole's comments "either exposed his abysmal lack of knowledge of nicotine addiction or his blind support of the tobacco industry."

Although Koop eventually won wide respect with his blend of old-fashioned values, pragmatism and empathy, his nomination in 1981 met a wall of opposition from women's groups and liberal politicians.

Critics said Reagan selected Koop, a pediatric surgeon from Philadelphia, only because of his conservative views, especially his staunch opposition to abortion.

Foes noted that Koop traveled the country in 1979 and 1980 giving speeches that predicted a progression "from liberalized abortion to infanticide to passive euthanasia to active euthanasia, indeed to the very beginnings of the political climate that led to Auschwitz, Dachau and Belsen."

But Koop, a devout Presbyterian, was confirmed after he told a Senate panel he would not use the surgeon general's post to promote his religious ideology. He kept his word.

In 1986, he issued a frank report on AIDS, urging the use of condoms for "safe sex" and advocating sex education as early as third grade.

He also maneuvered around uncooperative Reagan administration officials in 1988 to send an educational AIDS pamphlet to more than 100 million U.S. households, the largest public health mailing ever done.

Koop personally opposed homosexuality and believed sex should be saved for marriage. But he insisted that Americans, especially young people, must not die because they were deprived of explicit information about how the HIV virus was transmitted.

He became a hero to AIDS activists, who chanted "Koop, Koop" at his appearances but booed other officials.

Koop further angered conservatives by refusing to issue a report requested by the Reagan White House, saying he could not find enough scientific evidence to determine whether abortion has harmful psychological effects on women.

Koop maintained his personal opposition to abortion, however. After he left office, he told medical students it violated their Hippocratic oath. In 2009, he wrote Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid urging that health care legislation include a provision to ensure doctors and medical students would not be forced to perform abortions. The letter briefly set off a security scare because it was hand delivered.

Koop served as chairman of the National Safe Kids Campaign and as an adviser to President Bill Clinton's health care reform plan.

At a congressional hearing in 2007, Koop spoke about political pressure on the surgeon general post. He said Reagan was pressed to fire him every day, but Reagan would not interfere.

Koop, worried that medicine had lost old-fashioned caring and personal relationships between doctors and patients, opened an institute at Dartmouth to teach medical students basic values and ethics.

He also was a part-owner of a short-lived venture, drkoop.com, to provide consumer health care information via the Internet. It made its initial public offering of stock in 1999, but expenses outstripped revenue and it was out of business by the end of 2001.

In July 2001, the company agreed to pay $4.25 million in cash to settle lawsuits filed by investors who claimed drkoop.com made false promises. Company officials did not admit wrongdoing.

Koop was born in New York's borough of Brooklyn, the only son of a Manhattan banker and the nephew of a doctor. He said by age 5 he knew he wanted to be a surgeon and at age 13 he practiced his skills on neighborhood cats.

He attended Dartmouth College, where he received the nickname Chick, short for "chicken Koop." It stuck for life.

He received his medical degree at Cornell Medical College, choosing pediatric surgery because so few surgeons practiced it.

In 1938, Koop married Elizabeth Flanagan, the daughter of a Connecticut doctor. They had four children ? Allen, Norman, David and Elizabeth. David, their youngest son, was killed in a mountain-climbing accident when he was 20.

Koop was appointed surgeon-in-chief at Children's Hospital in Philadelphia and he also served as a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

He pioneered surgery on newborns and successfully separated three sets of conjoined twins. He won national acclaim by reconstructing the chest of a baby born with the heart outside the body.

Although raised as a Baptist, he was drawn to a Presbyterian church near the hospital, where he developed an abiding faith. He began praying at the bedside of his young patients ? ignoring the snickers of some of his colleagues.

"It used to be said in World War II that there were no atheists in foxholes," he wrote in 1973. "I have found there are very few atheists among the parents of dying children.

"This is a time when religious faith can see a family through trying circumstances."

___

Ring reported from Montpelier, Vt. Cass reported from Washington.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/c-everett-koop-ex-surgeon-general-dies-nh-215926071.html

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Gender gap disappears in school math competitions, study shows

Tuesday, February 26, 2013

The idea that boys are better at math and in competitions has persisted for a long time, and now we know why: Nobody bothered to schedule the rematch.

Most school math contests are one-shot events where girls underperform relative to their male classmates. But a new study by a Brigham Young University economist presents a different picture.

Twenty-four local elementary schools changed the format to go across five different rounds. Once the first round was over, girls performed as well or better than boys for the rest of the contest.

"It's really encouraging that seemingly large gaps disappear just by keeping them in the game longer," said BYU economics professor Joe Price.

Price co-authored the study with the University of Miami's Christopher Cotton and Rutgers' Frank McIntyre. Their report is published by the Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.

In the contest, students were paired against a classmate to see who got the most questions right during a 5-minute quiz. In case of a tie, the student who finished first won. The winner earned raffle tickets for a small prize.

Because the schools shared past test scores with the researchers, they could compare how similarly talented boys and girls performed. Even though these matches look even on paper, for some reason boys have the edge when it's the first foray into a competitive setting. On a test worth ten points, it usually amounts to a one-point edge for boys in the initial round.

"We don't know if it's boys getting excited and over-performing or if it's girls being too uncomfortable with the situation," Price said.

But here's another twist: Six classrooms de-emphasized the speed component. Ties weren't decided by who finished first. And though there was still just five minutes on the clock, the students were told, "It's not a race."

With those two small adjustments, girls competed evenly with boys from the start. BYU math professor Jessica Purcell, who was not involved with the study, wasn't surprised that the format adjustments resulted in more parity.

"In mathematical settings without time pressure or competition, such as classes I have taught or classes I have taken, males and females seem to do equally well," said Purcell, a recipient of the prestigious Sloan Research Fellowship.

Since boys' competitive advantage is so short-lived, the study authors suggest that a little encouragement could go a long way.

"What motivated us was how to get girls to thrive in a competitive environment," said Price, noting that he has two daughters. "You might guess that girls would shy away from competitive work environments. What our results would hint is that if you convince them to stick around and give it a shot, they will acclimate and do just fine."

###

Brigham Young University: http://www.byu.edu

Thanks to Brigham Young University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127008/Gender_gap_disappears_in_school_math_competitions__study_shows

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Huawei Ascend W1 launching March 7th in UK on O2: free from ?13.50 per month or ?120 on PAYG

We're starting to think Microsoft is onto something with Windows Phone 8, an OS that's capable of delivering a solid user experience on mediocre handset specs. UK network provider O2 seems to feel the same, and in addition to pushing Nokia's Lumia 620 at an attractively low price, has bagged exclusivity for Huawei's Ascend W1. We originally heard the device would be available sometime in Q1, but now we have a specific date: March 7th. Well, that's when you can pick up the "Electric Blue" model, anyway, with an "Electric Pink" option arriving March 18th. It'll cost £120 (around $182 dollars) if you opt for PAYG (SIM-locked, no doubt), or free on contracts starting at £13.50 per month. Sold on those wallet-friendly numbers? Then head past the break and pick out your color.

Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile, Microsoft

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Suri Cruise Body Double: Hilarious Rumor or Hilariously True?

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/02/suri-cruise-body-double-hilarious-rumor-or-hilariously-true/

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Surprise! Janet Jackson is Married!

Forget something borrowed, something blue -- these weddings were out of the blue! From Janet Jackson & Wissam Al Mana to Kate Winslet & Ned Rocknroll to Blake Lively & Ryan Reynolds, check out the star nuptials that shocked us

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/surprising-celebrity-weddings/1-b-360908?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Asurprising-celebrity-weddings-360908

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Nokia Lumia 520 announced, ready to bring WP8 and dual-core to emerging markets for $180

At Mobile World Congress, Nokia has announced the Lumia 520, its latest piece of ammunition in the company's campaign to conquer emerging markets and first-time smartphone buyers. The inexpensive smartphone actually packs a pretty powerful punch for its price point, offering the same dual-core 1GHz Snapdragon CPU found in the Lumia 720 also announced today. It also features 512MB RAM, a 4-inch WVGA (800 x 480) IPS LCD display and 1,430mAh battery. As we've come to expect on Lumia devices, it comes included with Nokia services like the full suite of Here Maps, Nokia Music and several lenses such as Cinemagraph and panorama. The 520 will come in five color options: cyan, yellow, red, black and white. Snap-on covers will also be available for anyone interested in swapping hues day-to-day. The $183 phone begins its quest for dominance in China later this quarter, and shortly afterward it will make its way to Europe, the rest of Asia and T-Mobile in the US. Head below for a full listing of specs.

Filed under: Cellphones, Wireless, Mobile, Nokia

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/i_Q2txvNfNE/

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Pope's last blessing from window draws crowd

Osservatore Romano / AFP - Getty Images

Pope Benedict XVI's leads the Angelus prayer from the window of his apartments on Sunday in the Vatican. The pontiff celebrates his last Angelus prayer at the end of a week-long spiritual retreat, ahead of his resignation on Thursday.

By Frances D'Emilio, The Associated Press

VATICAN CITY - Pope Benedict XVI gave his pontificate's final Sunday blessing from his studio window to the cheers of tens of thousands of people packing St. Peter's Square, but sought to reassure the faithful that he wasn't abandoning the church by retiring to spend his final years in prayer.

The 85-year-old Benedict is stepping down on Thursday evening, the first pope to do so in 600 years, after saying he no longer has the mental or physical strength to lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics.?

But while he has lately looked tired and frail, the crowd filling the cobblestone square seemed to energize him, and he spoke in a clear, strong voice, repeatedly thanking the faithful for their closeness and affection as they interrupted him, again and again, with applause and cheers. Police estimated some 100,000 people turned out.?

Benedict told the crowd that God is calling him to dedicate himself "even more to prayer and meditation," which he will do in a secluded monastery being renovated for him on the grounds behind Vatican City's ancient walls.?

As cardinals gather for the election of a new pope, the Vatican was sharply critical of a wave of reports in the Italian media. NBC's Anne Thompson reports.

"But this doesn't mean abandoning the church," he said, as many in the crowd looked sad at his departure from regular view. "On the contrary, if God asks me, this is because I can continue to serve it (the church) with the same dedication and the same love which I have tried to do so until now, but in a way more suitable to my age and to my strength."?

The phrase "tried to" was the pope's adlibbed addition to his prepared text.?

Benedict has one more public appearance, a Wednesday general audience in St. Peter's Square.?

Benedict smiled at the crowd after an aide parted the white curtain at his window, telling the people, "thank you for your affection."?

Heavy rain had been forecast for Rome, and some drizzle dampened the square earlier in the morning. But when Benedict appeared, to the peal of church bells as the clock struck noon, blue sky crept through the clouds.?

"We thank God for the sun he has given us," the pope said, sounding cheerful.?

As cheers continued in the crowd, the pontiff simply turned away from the window and stepped back down into apartment, which he will leave on Thursday, taking a helicopter to the Vatican summer residence in the hills outside Rome while he waits for the monastery to be ready.?

A child in the crowd held up a sign on a yellow placard, written in Italian, "You are not alone, I'm with you." Other admirers held homemade signs, saying "Grazie."?

No date has yet been set for the start of the conclave of cardinals, who will vote in secret to elect Benedict's successor.?

One Italian in the crowd seemed to be doing a little campaigning, hoisting a sign which mentioned the name of two Italian cardinals considered by observers to be potential contenders in the selection of the next pontiff.?

Flags in the crowd represented many nations, with a large number from Brazil.?

The cardinals in the conclave will have to decide whether it's time to look outside of Europe for a pope.

Related:

Vatican blasts Italian media for 'false and damaging' reports

LA's Cardinal Mahony calls himself 'scapegoat' ahead of deposition, conclave

US Catholics like Pope Benedict but many ready for new direction, married priests

? 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/24/17074856-thank-you-for-your-affection-popes-last-blessing-from-window-draws-crowd?lite

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Polycom updates RealPresence app for Android tablets

Polycom has updated their RealPresence application for Android, bringing support for even more tablets, and new features like smart pairing technology, content sharing, and SVC (Scalable Video Coding) format support. Before you click the link to install this one, take a few minutes to see exactly what the RealPresence app is.

This isn't regular video chat where you goof off with your friends or talk dirty to each other. RealPresence is an enterprise video conferencing solution, and it requires and it requires the proper infrastructure to run on. It's designed for professionals who need to speak with each other, in real-time, securely. As the video you'll find after the break explains, industries from healthcare to construction have a need to conference remotely, and when video is involved things are more efficient. When things get more efficient, we all benefit.

Android adoption for the enterprise has always paled when compared to the consumer space, or to Apple's iOS. Applications like RealPresence can change that, and expand the choices made when it's time to buy equipment. Jump past the break to see the mentioned video, and read the press release.

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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/8HSI48H9oZg/story01.htm

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Live with ZTE at Mobile World Congress

We're live from ZTE's Mobile World Congress presser, where Life is Grand.

Liveblog's after the break.

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Intersect ENT Lands $30M From Norwest, Kleiner, USVP & More For Its Innovative Sinus Drug & Device Combo

In August 2011, Intersect won approval from the FDA for Propel, which, simply put, is a stent that doctors implant in the sinuses after surgery to help keep them open. The cool part is that, over time, the stent absorbs into the patient's body post-surgery (so that follow-up surgery isn't required), slowly releasing a steroid to help control local inflammation, according to Medgadget. In the fall of last year, the company won approval again for the Propel Mini, a miniaturized version of its flagship product designed for "less extensive surgeries," Medgadget says.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/MOWvOOQwBkY/

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Italians head to polls in crucial vote for euro zone

ROME (Reuters) - Italians vote on Sunday in one of the most closely watched elections in years with markets nervous about whether it will produce a strong government to pull Italy out of recession and help resolve the euro zone debt crisis.

A huge final rally by anti-establishment-comedian-turned-politician Beppe Grillo on Friday before a campaigning ban kicked in has highlighted public anger at traditional parties and added to uncertainty about the election outcome.

Polling booths will open between 02:00 am-04:00 pm EST on Sunday and 01:00 am-09:00 am EST on Monday. Exit polls will come out soon after voting ends and official results are expected by early Tuesday.

The election will be followed closely by financial markets with memories still fresh of the potentially catastrophic debt crisis that brought technocrat Prime Minister Mario Monti to power more than a year ago.

Italy, the euro zone's third-largest economy, is stuck in deep recession, struggling under a public debt burden second only to Greece's in the 17-member currency bloc and with a public weary of more than a year of harsh austerity policies.

Italy's Interior Ministry has urged some 47 million eligible voters to not let bad weather forecasts put them off, and said it was prepared to handle even snowy conditions in some northern regions to ensure everyone had a chance to vote.

Final polls published two weeks ago showed center-left leader Pier Luigi Bersani with a five-point lead, but analysts disagree about whether he will be able to form a stable majority that can push though the economic reforms Italy needs.

Bersani is now thought to be just a few points ahead of center-right rival Silvio Berlusconi, the four-times prime minister who has promised tax refunds and staged a media blitz in an attempt to win back voters in recent weeks.

While the center left is still expected to gain control of the lower house thanks to rules that guarantee a strong majority to whichever party wins the most votes nationally, a much closer battle will be fought in the Senate, which any government also needs to control in order to be able to pass laws.

Seats in the upper house are awarded on a region-by-region basis, meaning that support in key regions can decisively influence the overall result.

Pollsters still believe the most likely outcome is a center-left government headed by Bersani and possibly backed by Monti, who is leading a centrist coalition.

But strong campaigning by Berlusconi and the fiery Grillo, who has drawn tens of thousands to his election rallies, have thrown the election wide open, causing concern that there may be no clear winner.

Whatever government emerges from the vote will have the task of pulling Italy out of its longest recession for 20 years and reviving an economy largely stagnant for two decades.

The main danger for Italy and the euro zone is a weak government incapable of taking firm action, which would rattle investors and could ignite a new debt crisis.

Monti replaced Berlusconi in November 2011 after the euro zone's third-largest economy came close to Greek-style financial meltdown while the center-right government was embroiled in scandals.

The former European Commissioner launched a tough program of spending cuts, tax hikes and pension reforms which won widespread international backing and helped restore Italy's credibility abroad after the scandals of the Berlusconi era.

Italy's borrowing costs have since fallen sharply after the European Central Bank pledged it was prepared to support countries undertaking reforms by buying unlimited quantities of their bonds on the markets.

But economic austerity has fuelled anger among Italians grappling with rising unemployment and shrinking disposable incomes, encouraging many to turn to Grillo, who has tapped into a national mood of disenchantment.

(Reporting by Catherine Hornby; Editing by Jason Webb)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/italians-head-polls-crucial-vote-euro-zone-000341345--business.html

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Solar Energy Would Save Ratepayers Plenty

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Channing Tatum: Our Baby Will Be Born in London

"I'm walking the carpet, trying to keep it together tonight but we're good!" a radiant Dewan-Tatum told Ryan Seacrest on the red carpet Sunday night.

Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/tqNzwgZZt4U/

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